Description
Denomination: Silver penny
Period: Plantagenets
Date: 1189-1199
Origin: Canterbury mint. Goldwine. Class 4a (possibly*)
Condition: Good+ some weakness to strike
Obverse: Crowned facing bust of Richard. holding sceptre in right hand. legend in name of his father hENRI[CVS R]EX
Reverse: Voided short cross with four pellets in each angle. +GOLDWINE [ON CANT]
Size and Weight: 19mm. 1.33g
References: Spink 1348
Features and Provenance: All Richard’s coins were issued in his father’s name. the only coins bearing his name were produced in Ireland and France.
Although Richard is one of England’s most famous kings. it is strange that he should have only ever spent six months in the country and probably spoke little English. He was born in England in 1157. the second surviving son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. He spent most of his youth with her in France were he excelled in the art of war. He was betrothed at the age of nine to a French princess. Alais. but never married her. Henry had her imprisoned for twenty five years and treated her as his own mistress. Richard had little time for women and his own marriage to Berengaria of Navarre was strategic and he spent little time with her and they had no children. He is believed to have produced one child illegitimately. but the mother is unknown.
Richard actually tried to depose his father on no less than two occasions. so it is unsurprising that Henry II was not conducive to making Richard his heir apparent. He did so. however. just two days before the death of Henry after losing in battle to Richard. He gained the Angevin Empire but was more interested in fighting in the Crusades. The ‘Crusader King.’ ‘the Lionhearted.’ ‘Coeur de Lion’ and ‘Richard Oc-e-Non’ (yes and no) as he was also know. eventually came to a truce during the Third Crusade instead of gaining Jerusalem. He then travelled home again. but was captured and held to ransom. His mother tried to raise funds to pay it. but had to turn to the people of the Angevin Empire to free him. promoting him as ‘Good King Richard’ although she had to pawn the crown jewels to finally achieve this. For all his fame. sadly. his epithets appear to outnumber his actual achievements. He died in 1199 from an arrow wound in the shoulder.
Condition Summary. This varies with the age of coin and there are grades in between
Uncirculated (U). As struck with no traces of wear
Extremely Fine (EF). Very slight traces of wear. all parts of legend etc present. visible and clear
Very Fine (VF). Some signs of wear on the higher parts of the relief. all parts of legend etc present. but maybe worn
Fine (F). Wear on the coin and parts of legend etc may be missing or not visible
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